GENERAL GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Changes in temperature cause rock to expand (with heat) and contract (with cold). As this happens over and over again, the structure of the rock weakens. Over time, it crumbles.

Detailed explanation-2: -∴ As temperature increases the thermal conductivity of gases increases. For liquid and solids, generally as the temperature increases, the thermal conductivity decreases.

Detailed explanation-3: -Thermal effects refer to the substantial loss of thermal energy from spent waters to the environment primarily due to the low efficiency of geothermal power plants. Excess heat emitted in the form of steam may affect cloud formation and change the weather locally.

Detailed explanation-4: -Thermal effects include response changes due to temperatures above the cure temperature, freezing and freeze–thaw conditions, and temperature variations and cycles.