GENERAL GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -A corkscrew-like flow of water called Helicoidal Flow moves material from the outside of one meander bend and deposits it on the inside of the next bend. Water moving faster has more energy to erode. This occurs on the outside of the bend and forms a river cliff .

Detailed explanation-2: -On the outside of the meander, the surface of the water has a tendency to be slightly higher, or super-elevated, because it has gained momentum and acceleration. Here, the flow is forced down the outer bank, which results in a steeper velocity gradient and greater bed shear stresses.

Detailed explanation-3: -As a river goes around a bend, most of the water is pushed towards the outside. This causes increased speed due to less friction and therefore increased erosion (through hydraulic action and abrasion ). The lateral erosion on the outside bend causes undercutting of the river bank to form a river cliff .

Detailed explanation-4: -In a meandering river, water will tend to flow fastest along the outside bend of a meander, and slowest on the inside bend.

Detailed explanation-5: -Erosion on the outside of the bend is caused by the fastest flowing water hitting it. This creates a river cliff. Deposition occurs on the inside of the bend due to the water being forced to slow down. This creates a slip off slope.