GENERAL GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Wetlands are some of the most valuable ecosystems on Earth. They act like giant sponges or reservoirs. During heavy rains, wetlands absorb excess water, limiting the effects of flooding. Wetlands also protect coastal areas from storm surges that can wash away fragile beaches and coastal communities.

Detailed explanation-2: -Wetlands help to control flooding by regulating the flow of water by providing surface water storage during spring snowmelt and periods of high rainfall.

Detailed explanation-3: -Wetlands serve many functions and values that often go unnoticed. They are particularly valuable components of the ecosystem. Much of this stems from their habitat for fish and wildlife, as well as for protecting water quality, erosion prevention, flood storage and recreation.

Detailed explanation-4: -Wetland conservation is aimed at protecting and preserving areas where water exists at or near the Earth’s surface, such as swamps, marshes and bogs. Wetlands cover at least six per cent of the Earth and have become a focal issue for conservation due to the ecosystem services they provide.

Detailed explanation-5: -Wetlands also help in erosion control and sediment transport, thereby contributing to land formation and increasing resilience to storms. All these ecosystem services improve water security, including security from natural hazards and climate change adaptation.