GENERAL GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Chemical weathering by biological action is also known as biological weathering. The materials left over after the rock breaks down combine with organic material to create soil. Many of Earth’s landforms and landscapes are the result of weathering processes combined with erosion and re-deposition.

Detailed explanation-2: -Soil forms through the mechanical and chemical weathering of rocks and sediments, and the accumulation and decay of organic matter. The factors that affect the nature of soil and the rate of its formation include: Climate, especially average temperature and precipitation amounts, and the consequent types of vegetation.

Detailed explanation-3: -Biological weathering occurs when plants break up rocks with roots or root exudates. The process is slow, but may strongly influence landscape formation.

Detailed explanation-4: -Biological weathering is caused by the movements of plants and animals. For example, a rabbit can burrow into a crack in a rock making it bigger and eventually splitting the rock, or a plant may grow in a crack in a rock and, as its roots grow, cause the crack to widen.

Detailed explanation-5: -Trees put down roots through joints or cracks in the rock in order to find moisture. As the tree grows, the roots gradually prize the rock apart. Many animals, such as these Piddock shells, bore into rocks for protection either by scraping away the grains or secreting acid to dissolve the rock.