GENERAL GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Soils are named and classified based on their horizons. The soil profile has four distinct layers: 1) O horizon; 2) A horizon; 3) B horizon, or subsoil; and 4) C horizon, or soil base (Figure 31.2. 2). The O horizon has freshly decomposing organic matter-humus-at its surface, with decomposed vegetation at its base.

Detailed explanation-2: -Simply put, a soil horizon is a distinct layer in the ground. These six layers are made up of different substances that either look different, have different chemical makeups, or are physically different from the other layers. Soil horizons act as the history of the soil in a particular area.

Detailed explanation-3: -Soil Horizons are the distinct layers of a soil profile. They are divided into these layers, referred to as “Master Horizons” (from top to bottom): O Horizon, A Horizon, E Horizon, B Horizon, C Horizon, and R Horizon.