GENERAL GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The most important geological processes that lead to the creation of sedimentary rocks are erosion, weathering, dissolution, precipitation, and lithification. Erosion and weathering include the effects of wind and rain, which slowly break down large rocks into smaller ones.

Detailed explanation-2: -Cementation: The process by which clastic sediments become lithified or consolidated into hard, compact rocks, usually through deposition or precipitation of minerals in the spaces among the individual grains of the sediment. Compaction: The process of consolidating fine-grained sediments into rock.

Detailed explanation-3: -Sedimentary rocks are the product of 1) weathering of preexisting rocks, 2) transport of the weathering products, 3) deposition of the material, followed by 4) compaction, and 5) cementation of the sediment to form a rock. The latter two steps are called lithification.

Detailed explanation-4: -Sedimentary rocks that form from sediments are called “clastic rocks. “ Clastic rocks are rock fragments that are compacted and cemented together (Figure below).

Detailed explanation-5: -Sedimentary rocks are those formed from the compaction and cementation of fragments of pre-existing rocks called clasts, or plant and animals remains. The exogenic processes of weathering and erosion create the raw materials for sedimentary rocks.