GENERAL GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The correct answer is Chemical composition and atomic constitution. The hardness of a mineral can be described as its resistance to external deformation processes such as scratching, abrasion, rubbing, or indentation. The hardness of a mineral depends on its chemical composition and atomic constitution.

Detailed explanation-2: -Since hardness depends upon the crystallographic direction (ultimately on the strength of the bonds between atoms in a crystal), there can be variations in hardness depending upon the direction in which one measures this property.

Detailed explanation-3: -Like a mineral’s cleavage, a mineral’s hardness is determined by its crystal structure and the strength of the bonds between its atoms. Harder minerals have stronger bonds. A scale known as the Mohs scale is often used to describe a mineral’s hardness.

Detailed explanation-4: -PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MINERALS Strong chemical bonds give high hardness. Covalently bonded minerals are generally harder than ionically bonded minerals. Cleavage is poor if bond strength in the crystal structure is high and is good of the bond strength is low. Covalent bonds generally produce poor or no cleavage.

Detailed explanation-5: -Color and density are determined primarily by the chemical composition. Minerals are classified on the basis of their chemical composition.