GENERAL GEOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Faults that show such ductile shear are referred to as shear zones. When rocks deform in a ductile manner, instead of fracturing to form faults or joints, they may bend or fold, and the resulting structures are called folds. Folds result from compressional stresses or shear stresses acting over considerable time.

Detailed explanation-2: -Figure 10.9: Folds are a result of ductile deformation of rocks in response to external forces. 2. Layered rocks folded into arches are called anticlines whereas troughs are referred to as synclines.

Detailed explanation-3: -Folding-Folding occurs when tectonic processes put stress on a rock, and the rock bends, instead of breaking. This can create a variety of landforms as the surfaces of the folded rocks are eroded. Anticlines are folds shaped like an arch, and synclines are shaped like the letter ‘U. ‘

Detailed explanation-4: -A fracture is considered as brittle deformation, whereas folding is considered as ductile deformation. The third one type is viscous deformation is the behavior of the fluids such as magma. Certain factors determine which type of deformation rocks will exhibit when exposed to stress.

Detailed explanation-5: -Ductile deformation occurs when enough stress is applied to a material that the changes in its shape are permanent, and the material is no longer able to revert to its original shape. For example, if you bend a metal bar too far, it can be permanently bent out of shape.