GROSS ANATOMY

GROSS ANATOMY

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question [CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
A “sympathetic tone” sympathetically-induced, continuous state of blood vessel constriction
A
vasomotor tone
B
autonomic tone
C
singing tone
D
muscle tone
Explanation: 

Detailed explanation-1: -In skeletal muscle, activation of sympathetic nerves results in vasoconstriction. In contrast, increasing the metabolic activity of muscle fibers induces vasodilation. Arteriolar diameter also reflects changes in transmural pressure and luminal blood flow.

Detailed explanation-2: -Vasomotor tone is the end result of a complex set of interactions that control relaxation and contraction of blood vessels. The critical role of nitric oxide (NO) in modulating vasomotor tone has become increasingly apparent over the last 15 years.

Detailed explanation-3: -In adults, sympathetic tone is an important factor in vascular health, with increased tone adversely affecting vascular function and leading over time to hypertension and vascular remodeling. Increased sympathetic tone is also a feature of several childhood disorders, 2, 3 including sleep disordered breathing (SDB).

Detailed explanation-4: -Vasomotor sympathetic activity plays an important role in arterial pressure maintenance via the baroreflex during acute orthostasis in humans. If orthostasis is prolonged, blood pressure may be supported additionally by humoral factors with a possible reduction in sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity.

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