GROSS ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Parasympathetic stimulation evokes a copious flow of saliva. In contrast, sympathetic stimulation produces either a small flow, which is rich in protein, or no flow at all.

Detailed explanation-2: -The type of nerve system that controls saliva production is the autonomic nervous system, which controls both the volume and type of saliva secreted. The secretion of saliva by each gland is controlled by two different types of nerves; sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves.

Detailed explanation-3: -All salivary glands are supplied by cholinergic parasympathetic nerves which release acetylcholine that binds to M3 and (to a lesser extent) M1 muscarinic receptors, evoking the secretion of saliva by acinar cells in the endpieces of the salivary gland ductal tree.

Detailed explanation-4: -Parasympathetic innervation controls most of the flow of saliva, while sympathetic innervation modulates the composition of the saliva.

Detailed explanation-5: -The parasympathetic nervous system stimulates an increase in alimentary glandular secretion. The glossopharyngeal and vagus parasympathetic nerves innervate glands of the upper tract; these include the salivary glands, esophageal glands, gastric glands, pancreas, and Brunner’s glands in the duodenum.