GROSS ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -In adult humans, the resting heart rate is near 1 Hz (60 beats per minute), while at peak exercise this roughly rises to 3 Hz (180 beats per minute), reflecting an increase of 200% from the resting rate.

Detailed explanation-2: -During an isometric muscle contraction heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) increase. However, the increase in HR is more immediate than the more slowly developing increase in BP.

Detailed explanation-3: -Contractility is the inherent strength and vigour of the heart’s contraction during systole. According to Starling’s Law, the heart will eject a greater stroke volume at greater filling pressures. For any filling pressure (LAP), the stroke volume will be greater if the contractility of the heart is greater.

Detailed explanation-4: -Systole is the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle, and diastole is the relaxation phase. At a normal heart rate, one cardiac cycle lasts for 0.8 second.

Detailed explanation-5: -Your heart works like a pump: its contractions push blood throughout your body. Your heart rate is the number of times your heart contracts (beats) per minute. This is often expressed in BPM – ‘beats per minute’. A heart rate varies from person to person.