GROSS ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -The procerus, the muscle of menace or aggression, originates on the nasal bone and inserts into the medial side of the frontalis. It pulls the medial portion of the eyebrow inferiorly and produces horizontal furrows over the bridge of the nose. The orbicularis oculi (described later) lowers the entire brow.

Detailed explanation-2: -The procerus muscle is a pyramidal-shaped muscle arising from the fascia of the superior nasal region, near the junction of the nasal bones, and the superolateral nasal cartilage. [1] The procerus muscle fibers run superiorly and merge with the frontalis muscle. Muscle fibers insert into the skin between the eyebrows.

Detailed explanation-3: -Action. The procerus muscle depresses the medial eyebrow angle. Contractions of this muscle are also responsible for producing a transverse fold across the glabella.

Detailed explanation-4: -The frontalis muscle originates at the anterior, or front, of the galea aponeurotica, which is near the top of the forehead. From the galea aponeurotica, the frontalis muscle extends down the forehead and attaches, or ends, at the eyebrows and upper nose.

Detailed explanation-5: -The frontalis muscle is a muscle of facial expression located at the scalp. It controls the movement of the eyebrows and helps to produce a frowning expression. Origin: (proximal attachments) Galea aponeurotica. Insertion: (distal attachments) 03-Oct-2022