GROSS ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Widening of the AC joint, step off deformity at the AC joint, and increase in the CC distance (common range 1.1-1.3 cm) are indicative of AC joint injury (Figure 1). Increase of CC distance of 25-50% over the normal side on a bilateral Zanca view indicates complete CC ligament disruption.

Detailed explanation-2: -Most people do well without surgery. The severe injury (Grade 3) can be treated either nonoperatively or operatively. Non-operative treatment involves immobilisation in a sling for two to three weeks followed by a course of physiotherapy.

Detailed explanation-3: -Initial treatment may include rest, ice, pain medication, and three to seven days of shoulder immobilization in a sling. Range-of-motion exercises and stretching exercises can be started when tolerable. (See ‘Range-of-motion exercises’ above.)

Detailed explanation-4: -Most AC joint injuries will start to improve within a week of the injury, but it can take up to six weeks for a full recovery.