GROSS ANATOMY

Detailed explanation-1: -Grade A: The impairment is complete. There is no motor or sensory function left below the level of injury. Grade B: The impairment is incomplete.

Detailed explanation-2: -Classification of Spinal Cord Injury Severity First, instead of no function below the injury level, ASIA A is defined as a person with no motor or sensory function preserved in the sacral segments S4-S5. This definition is clear and unambiguous.

Detailed explanation-3: -The American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale or AIS describes a person’s functional impairment as a result of a SCI. This scale indicates how much sensation a person feels after light touch and a pin prick at multiple points on the body and tests key motions on both sides of the body.

Detailed explanation-4: -ASIA D = Motor Incomplete. Motor function is preserved below the neurological level and at least half (half or more) of key muscle functions below the neurological level of injury have a muscle grade greater than 3. ASIA E = Normal.

Detailed explanation-5: -The American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) is widely used to classify the severity of injury in SCI individuals, with motor complete (AIS grade A and grade B), motor incomplete (AIS grade C and grade D), or normal (AIS grade E) (Kirshblum et al., 2011).