HORTICULTURE

Detailed explanation-1: -Hence, the correct answer is BAC and YAC.

Detailed explanation-2: -A virus, for example, could be used as a vector. The virus would be an innocuous one or changed so as not to cause disease. It would be injected with the genetic material and then as it reproduces and “infects” the target cells it would introduce the new genetic material.

Detailed explanation-3: -Scientists have taken advantage of plasmids to use them as tools to clone, transfer, and manipulate genes. Plasmids that are used experimentally for these purposes are called vectors.

Detailed explanation-4: -Artificial plasmids are widely used as vectors in molecular cloning, serving to drive the replication of recombinant DNA sequences within host organisms. In the laboratory, plasmids may be introduced into a cell via transformation. Synthetic plasmids are available for procurement over the internet.

Detailed explanation-5: -After the foreign gene is inserted, another enzyme, called a ligase, is used to sew the plasmid together. Plasmids are ideal vectors for carrying the new gene into a host cell, because, in nature, plasmids are routinely passed from one bacterium to another, where they are readily accepted.