INDIAN HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Notes: Halivakara is a kind of tax in the Gupta era. Halivakara was a plow tax, paid by every cultivator owning a plow. Some of its taxes include Bali, Bhoga, etc.

Detailed explanation-2: -Hiranya: This was the tax paid in cash (Gold) Hiranya means Gold Halivakara: Halivakra was a kind of tax slab, those who owned a plough used to pay tax. Kara: It might have been some irregular tax charged from villagers. Shulka: It was custom or toll tax very much similar to Chungi / Octroi in modern times.

Detailed explanation-3: -They used to collect land revenues, tolls, and taxes. Vishayapati was the one who was in charge of a province or bhukti. Shaulkika was the one who collected the toll taxes and Vishayapati was in charge of a province, also known as bhukti.

Detailed explanation-4: -Agriculture was the prime source of income of the general public and formed the significant part of the empire’s economy through taxation. The State gathered abundant revenues in the form of custom duties and service tax from the people who resided as well as came from outside the state.

Detailed explanation-5: -The Gupta Empire was an ancient Indian empire which existed from the early 4th century CE to late 6th century CE. At its zenith, from approximately 319 to 467 CE, it covered much of the Indian subcontinent. This period is considered as the Golden Age of India by historians.