INDIAN HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -The administrative setup in the Chola empire consisted of smaller territorial divisions. They were Mandalams, Valanadus, Nadus, and Kottams. A Kottam comprised of a group of villages. The people living in the villages were responsible for its administration.

Detailed explanation-2: -The Chola kingdom was divided into provinces that were called mandalams. The mandalams were further divided into valanadus. Each valanadu consisted of a certain number of villages. The village or the nadu was the smallest unit of Chola administration.

Detailed explanation-3: -The Chola administrative system was highly organised and efficient. The basic unit of local administration was the village (ur), followed by the sub-region (nadu) and district (kottam).

Detailed explanation-4: -The Chola empire was divided into provinces or mandalams. The mandalams were further divided into naadus. These naadus had many kurrams with the lowest unit being a gramam or village.