INDIAN HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -The kharaj was a land tax that was originally paid only by non-Muslims, whereas Muslims had to pay the ‘ushr–a religious tithe. Eventually however, the term kharaj comes to describe any tax paid to the Muslim authorities. Certain institutions, like the waqf, were exempt from both.

Detailed explanation-2: -Answer: Kharaj was an agricultural tax imposed by sultans on non-Islamic conquered territories.

Detailed explanation-3: -Khiraj was a tax levied on the gross product of lands belonging to non-Muslims. It was introduced by Firoz Shah Tughlaq.