INDIAN HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Its political and economic power presented a problem for monarchs, because the Church claimed that its clergy were independent of political rulers’ control. As monarchs tried to increase their own power, they often came into conflict with the pope.

Detailed explanation-2: -By the 1300s, many Catholics felt that the Church had become too worldly and corrupt. Too frequently, Church officials failed to live up to their role as spiritual leaders. For example, priests, monks, and nuns made vows, or solemn promises, not to marry or have children, but many broke these vows.

Detailed explanation-3: -According to the textbook, Luther believed that “the church had degenerated into a corrupt, worldly conspiracy designed to bilk the credulous and subvert secular authority” (Norton 538). The spread of the Protestant Reformation was also fostered by Gutenberg’s creation of the printing press.