INDIAN HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Babylonian calendar, chronological system used in ancient Mesopotamia, based on a year of 12 synodic months-i.e., 12 complete cycles of phases of the Moon. This lunar year of about 354 days was more or less reconciled with the solar year, or year of the seasons, by the occasional intercalation of an extra month.

Detailed explanation-2: -The Babylonian calendar was a lunisolar calendar with years consisting of 12 lunar months, each beginning when a new crescent moon was first sighted low on the western horizon at sunset, plus an intercalary month inserted as needed by decree.

Detailed explanation-3: -The Gregorian calendar, widely accepted as a standard in the world, is an example of a solar calendar. The main other type of calendar is a lunar calendar, whose months correspond to cycles of Moon phases. The months of the Gregorian calendar do not correspond to cycles of the Moon phase.

Detailed explanation-4: -The origin of the calendar in Mesopotamia is unknown; by the time we have adequate textual sources with which to study the calendar, its basic structure was fixed. Local differences in the calendar were restricted to the different names assigned to the months, intercalation practices, etc.