INDIAN HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -Mahalwari system. The Mahalwari system was introduced by Holt Mackenzie in 1822 and it was reviewed under Lord William Bentinck in 1833. This system was introduced in North-West Frontier, Agra, Central Province, Gangetic Valley, Punjab, etc. This had elements of both the Zamindari and the Ryotwari systems.

Detailed explanation-2: -Permanent Settlement, Mahalwari Settlement, and Ryotwari Settlement were land revenue systems introduced by the British to extract revenue from Indians.

Detailed explanation-3: -Under the Mahalwari system, the land revenue was collected from the farmers by the village headmen on behalf of the whole village (and not the zamindar). The entire village was converted into one bigger unit called ‘Mahal’ and was treated as one unit for the payment of land revenue.

Detailed explanation-4: -The Mahalwari system is used in India to protect village-level-autonomy. It was introduced by Holt Mackenzie in 1822.

Detailed explanation-5: -Holt Mackenzie, a British official, developed the ‘Mahalwari system, ‘ a new revenue system in the Central Provinces, North West Frontier Provinces, Agra, Punjab, and the Gangetic Valley.