INDIAN HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -dvija, (Sanskrit: “twice-born”) in the Hindu social system, members of the three upper varna s, or social classes-the Brahmans (priests and teachers), Kshatriyas (warriors), and Vaishyas (merchants)-whose sacrament of initiation is regarded as a second or spiritual birth.

Detailed explanation-2: -Dvija, in medieval Indian texts, refers to a member of the first three varnas – Brahmins, Kshatriyas, and Vaishyas. The Asvalayana sutra indicates that a non-dvija child may also be inducted into the Dvija category, if he wishes to pursue the duties associated with these varnas.

Detailed explanation-3: -Brahmins: Vedic scholars, priests or teachers. Kshatriyas: Rulers, administrators or warriors. Vaishyas: Agriculturalists, farmers or merchants. Shudras: Artisans, laborers or servants.

Detailed explanation-4: -Kshatriya, also spelled Kshattriya or Ksatriya, second highest in ritual status of the four varnas, or social classes, of Hindu India, traditionally the military or ruling class.

Detailed explanation-5: -The Vaishyas were commoners, not servile groups. Their role lay in productive labour, in agricultural and pastoral tasks, and in trading. Their way of life demanded study, sacrifice, and the giving of alms.