INDIAN HISTORY

Detailed explanation-1: -A Grama consisted of several families within its fold. Thus, the group of families called grama was controlled by the village headman called Gramani during the Rig-Vedic period. Thus, option ‘B’ Gramani is correct.

Detailed explanation-2: -The Gramini was the officer appointed by the king to look after the administration of villages.

Detailed explanation-3: -In Hindi, the council chairman is known as the Sarpanch, and each of the five members is known as the Gram Panchayat Sadasya or Panch. In such a system, each villager has the opportunity to participate in the government of his or her community.

Detailed explanation-4: -During Rig-Vedic era, the basic unit of power lied within a patriarchal family (Kula). The head of the family was a Kulapa. A group of such families called grama, which was controlled by a village headman Gramini.

Detailed explanation-5: -The village headman Gramini governed a group of these families called the Grama. The Vis or a group of villages was headed by the Vispati. A group of Vis, led by the tribal chief, was the highest band known as Jana or tribe.