LINGUISTIC RELATIVITY
DEIXIS AND SPACE
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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Speaker plus Addressee and other(s)
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Speaker plus other(s), excluding Addressee
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Speaker and Addressee included
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None of the above
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Detailed explanation-1: -Inclusive “we” specifically includes the addressee (that is, one of the words for “we” means “you and I and possibly others"), while exclusive “we” specifically excludes the addressee (that is, another word for “we” means “he/she/they and I, but not you"), regardless of who else may be involved.
Detailed explanation-2: -The inclusive form means ‘you (singular or plural) and I’, i.e. it includes the hearer, while the exclusive form means ‘he/she/they and I’, excluding the hearer.
Detailed explanation-3: -An exclusive pronoun, like the Mandarin pronoun wŏmen, excludes the addressee from the reference, resulting in a meaning like ‘I and some others, but not you’. This distinction between inclusive and exclusive is not found in any European language, nor in the languages in its wider surrounding.