LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -The process of translation can be seen as the decoding of instructions for making proteins, involving mRNA in transcription as well as tRNA. The genes in DNA encode protein molecules, which are the “workhorses” of the cell, carrying out all the functions necessary for life.

Detailed explanation-2: -Translation is the process by which a protein is synthesized from the information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA).

Detailed explanation-3: -Thus, mRNAs are usually translated by a series of ribosomes, spaced at intervals of about 100 to 200 nucleotides (Figure 7.14). The group of ribosomes bound to an mRNA molecule is called a polyribosome, or polysome. Each ribosome within the group functions independently to synthesize a separate polypeptide chain.

Detailed explanation-4: -Abstract. In the elongation cycle of translation, translocation is the process that advances the mRNA–tRNA moiety on the ribosome, to allow the next codon to move into the decoding center.

Detailed explanation-5: -The mRNA is then pulled through the ribosome; as its codons encounter the ribosome’s active site, the mRNA nucleotide sequence is translated into an amino acid sequence using the tRNAs as adaptors to add each amino acid in the correct sequence to the end of the growing polypeptide chain.