LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -The chemical linkage between nucleotide units in nucleic acids is a phosphodiester, which connects the 5’-hydroxyl group of one nucleotide to the 3’-hydroxyl group of the next nucleotide. By convention, nucleic acid sequences are written from left to right, from the 5’-end to the 3’-end.

Detailed explanation-2: -DNA is always synthesized in the 5’-to-3’ direction, meaning that nucleotides are added only to the 3’ end of the growing strand.

Detailed explanation-3: -A nucleic acid sequence is a succession of bases signified by a series of a set of five different letters that indicate the order of nucleotides forming alleles within a DNA (using GACT) or RNA (GACU) molecule. By convention, sequences are usually presented from the 5’ end to the 3’ end.

Detailed explanation-4: -The 5′-end of nascent messenger RNA is the site at which post-transcriptional capping occurs, a process which is vital to producing mature messenger RNA. Capping increases the stability of the messenger RNA while it undergoes translation, providing resistance to the degradative effects of exonucleases.