LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Organelles increase the efficiency of cellular processes by concentrating the reagents and biochemical processes in specific regions of the cell so they can be carried out more quickly. For example, energy production in eukaryotic cells is carried out by the mitochondria.

Detailed explanation-2: -Membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomes enable the concentration of metabolic precursors within optimized chemical environments, greatly accelerating the efficiency of both anabolic and catabolic reactions, enabling division of labor and optimal utilization of resources.

Detailed explanation-3: -Mitochondria-often called the powerhouses of the cell-enable eukaryotes to make more efficient use of food sources than their prokaryotic counterparts. That’s because these organelles greatly expand the amount of membrane used for energy-generating electron transport chains.

Detailed explanation-4: -The surface area to volume ratio in cells is crucial to cellular efficiency. A larger surface area to volume ratio is more efficient than a smaller ratio. This is due to the amount of plasma membrane relative to the volume of the cell.