LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -The interactions between macromolecules and other molecules rely on the same weak, noncovalent interactions that play the major role in stabilizing the three-dimensional structures of the macromolecules themselves. The hydrophobic effect, ionic interactions and hydrogen bonding interactions are prominent.

Detailed explanation-2: -The three-dimensional structure of macromolecules is formed and maintained primarily through noncovalent interactions.

Detailed explanation-3: -Structure and functions of biological macromolecules: It is the three-dimensional shape of proteins and nucleic acids responsible for their biological activities.

Detailed explanation-4: -Noncovalent bonds are weaker than covalent bonds but they are crucial for biochemical processes such as the formation of double helix. There are four commonly mentioned fundamental noncovalent bond types. They include electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, van der Waals interactions, and hydrophobic interactions.