LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Although glucose is the form of sugar stored as glycogen within cells, galactose is utilized via conversion to glucose, which can then be oxidized in glycolysis or stored as glycogen. Indeed, up to 30% of ingested galactose is incorporated into glycogen.

Detailed explanation-2: -Galactose is one of the monosaccharides of importance in human nutrition. It is converted to glucose-1-phosphate in the liver and subsequently stored as glycogen, or is converted to glucose and released into the circulation.

Detailed explanation-3: -In normal conditions, galactose is quickly and almost completely metabolized to glucose in the liver. Galactose serves as a substrate for cerebrosides, gangliosides and mucoproteins in the brain and nervous system, which supports its neural and immunological role [2, 3, 6, 7].

Detailed explanation-4: -The enzyme UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (GAL10) catalyzes a key step in galactose metabolism converting UDP-galactose to UDP-glucose which then can get metabolized through glycolysis and TCA cycle thus allowing the cell to use galactose as a carbon and energy source.

Detailed explanation-5: -These three galactose enzymes in the major pathway are widely distributed in tissues, including erythrocytes, leukocytes, liver, kidney, brain, cultured skin fibroblasts, chorionic villi, and amniotic fluid cells.