LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Human blood contains a buffer of carbonic acid (H2CO3) and bicarbonate anion (HCO−3) in order to maintain blood pH between 7.35 and 7.45, as a value higher than 7.8 or lower than 6.8 can lead to death. In this buffer, hydronium and bicarbonate anion are in equilibrium with carbonic acid.

Detailed explanation-2: -The Carbonic Acid-Bicarbonate buffer system is the most important buffer for maintaining the pH homeostasis of blood. In this system, gaseous metabolic waste carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid, which quickly dissociates into a hydrogen ion and bicarbonate (see below).

Detailed explanation-3: -The pH of blood is maintained at   7.4 by the carbonic acid – bicarbonate ion buffering system.

Detailed explanation-4: -Buffers. Buffers are solutions that resist changes in pH, upon addition of small amounts of acid or base. The can do this because they contain an acidic component, HA, to neutralize OH-ions, and a basic component, A-, to neutralize H+ ions.

Detailed explanation-5: -One mechanism the body uses to control blood pH involves the release of carbon dioxide from the lungs.