LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -The human genome (all the DNA of an organism) consists of around three billion nucleotides divided up between 23 paired DNA molecules, or chromosomes. The information stored in the order of bases is organized into genes: each gene contains information for making a functional product.

Detailed explanation-2: -In nature, just two closely related nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, function as repositories and carriers of genetic information. They therefore are the molecular embodiment of biological information.

Detailed explanation-3: -Genetic information is carried in the linear sequence of nucleotides in DNA. Each molecule of DNA is a double helix formed from two complementary strands of nucleotides held together by hydrogen bonds between G-C and A-T base pairs.

Detailed explanation-4: -Nucleotides have a central role in the physiology of organisms as building blocks of nucleic acids, storage of chemical energy, carriers of activated metabolites for biosynthesis, structural moieties of coenzymes, and metabolic regulators.

Detailed explanation-5: -The nucleotides attach to each other (A with T, and G with C) to form chemical bonds called base pairs, which connect the two DNA strands. Genes are short pieces of DNA that carry specific genetic information.