LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -A protein molecule is made from a long chain of these amino acids, each linked to its neighbor through a covalent peptide bond (Figure 3-1). Proteins are therefore also known as polypeptides.

Detailed explanation-2: -A fatty acid is a molecule composed of a carboxyl group attached to a long chain of carbon atoms bonded with hydrogen atoms. This is called a “hydrocarbon chain, ‘’ and it is a characteristic all lipids share. The hydrocarbon chain is also what gives lipids their nonpolar property and makes them insoluble in water.

Detailed explanation-3: -Carbon atoms have the unique ability to join together in long chains and rings. They form the backbones for the complex molecules ( carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, etc )

Detailed explanation-4: -Proteins are one of the primary constituents of living matter. They consist of long chains of amino acids, which are bonded together by peptide linkages and thus called polypeptides. There are about 20 amino acids, and the atoms most prevalent in these are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.

Detailed explanation-5: -Hydrocarbons are just a chain of carbon atoms with hydrogens bonded to all the carbons (hence, hydro-carbon). So, a big chain of carbons and hydrogens is a type of macromolecule. There are other types of macromolecules, but since most are organic (consisting of mostly carbon), hydrocarbons are used as an example.