LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -During the denaturation of proteins, the secondary and tertiary structures get destroyed and only the primary structure is retained. Covalent bonds are broken and interaction between amino-acid chains gets disrupted. This results in the loss of biological activity of the proteins.

Detailed explanation-2: -A. Denaturation breaks the covalent bonds that hold the protein in its three-dimensional shape. Without the proper shape, the protein cannot function. B. Denaturation destroys the primary structure of the protein, and the protein breaks down to monomers.

Detailed explanation-3: -Denaturation sabotages the quaternary structure by dissociate the protein subunits and/or disrupt the spatial arrangement of proteins subunits. Tertiary structure denaturation involves the disruption of disulfide bridges and Van der Waal interactions between the side chains of amino acids.

Detailed explanation-4: -Because many of the proteins original bonds have been broken, those parts of the molecule are now available to make new bonds with other substances. This changes the way the molecule reacts. Since a protein’s function is dependent on its shape, a denatured protein is no longer functional.