LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Elements like hydrogen, lithium, helium do not obey the octet rule. They can only lose or gain one electron to become stable due to which they follow the octet rule. Another exception of the octet rule is transition elements. Due to the presence of d-orbitals, they can hold 18 electrons in their outermost shell.

Detailed explanation-2: -What elements can be an exception to the octet rule? There aren’t enough electrons in hydrogen, beryllium, or boron to make an octet. There is only one valence electron in hydrogen, and there is only one site for it to make a connection with another atom.

Detailed explanation-3: -Hydrogen requires only two electrons in order to achieve a stable electron configuration. Atoms, such as hydrogen, that require only two electrons to reach a stable electron configuration are known as ‘diatomic’ atoms.

Detailed explanation-4: -These electron configurations make helium and neon very stable. Although argon does not technically have a full outer shell, since the 3n shell can hold up to eighteen electrons, it is stable like neon and helium because it has eight electrons in the 3n shell and thus satisfies the octet rule.