LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Temperature: Raising temperature generally speeds up a reaction, and lowering temperature slows down a reaction. However, extreme high temperatures can cause an enzyme to lose its shape (denature) and stop working. pH: Each enzyme has an optimum pH range.

Detailed explanation-2: -At extremely low pH values, this interference causes the protein to unfold, the shape of the active site is no longer complementary to the substrate molecule and the reaction can no longer be catalysed by the enzyme. The enzyme has been denatured.

Detailed explanation-3: -At very high or very low pH’s, these bonds within the enzyme can be disrupted, and it can lose its shape. If it loses its shape, the active site will probably be lost completely. This is essentially the same as denaturing the protein by heating it too much.

Detailed explanation-4: -High temperatures increase the kinetic energy of enzymes and can denature them by breaking hydrogen bonds and nonpolar bonds that stabilize enzyme structures. pH can also interfere with enzyme structure by disrupting interactions between charged side chains, leading to denaturation and high and low pHs.

Detailed explanation-5: -When the pH value deviates from the ideal conditions, the activity of the enzyme slows down and then stops. The enzyme has an active site at the substrate binding site, and the shape of the active site will change with the change of pH value.