LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -DNA fingerprinting (also called DNA profiling or forensic genetics) is a technique employed by forensic scientists to assist in the identification of individuals or samples by their respective DNA profiles.

Detailed explanation-2: -DNA profiling is a forensic technique used to identify individuals based on differences, or variations, in their DNA sequence. Some regions of the DNA in your cells’ chromosomes have a large number of differences among individuals, and even between an individual’s two copies.

Detailed explanation-3: -Mutation: The mutation is the process of producing new alleles of a gene. It’s a natural process that alters a DNA sequence and produces alleles, which are slightly different variants of the same gene. Every individual is distinct due to these minor variations in DNA sequence.

Detailed explanation-4: -Step 2 (PCR): Once the DNA is extracted, it is put through a process known as a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). In this process, the DNA sample is copied many times over until there is an amount that is sufficient to create the DNA fingerprint.

Detailed explanation-5: -The pattern of stripes that results is what we call a person’s DNA fingerprint. Each person has a unique DNA fingerprint since their repetitive DNA segments are unique and the sizes of the fragments are unique as well!