LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Microbial genetic engineering uses genetic operation tools to shear, splice, and integrate the target genes and then introduce them into chassis cells. Thus, the recombinant genes are transferred into the desired products or endow the bacteria with new phenotypes.

Detailed explanation-2: -Cross-breeding, selective breeding, and mutation breeding are examples of traditional ways to make these changes. These breeding methods often involve mixing all of the genes from two different sources. They are used to create common crops like modern corn varieties and seedless watermelon.

Detailed explanation-3: -Biotechnology means artificially altering DNA in a context where only the genetic material of an organism is altered or artificially merging DNA from different species which would not reproduce on their own.

Detailed explanation-4: -Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are produced using scientific methods that include recombinant DNA technology and reproductive cloning.