LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Bioleaching (or biomining) is a process in mining and biohydrometallurgy (natural processes of interactions between microbes and minerals) that extracts valuable metals from a low-grade ore with the help of microorganisms such as bacteria or archaea.

Detailed explanation-2: -Using Bacteria such as Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans to leach copper from mine tailings has improved recovery rates and reduced operating costs. Moreover, it permits extraction from low grade ores – an important consideration in the face of the depletion of high grade ores.

Detailed explanation-3: -Biomining is the process of using microorganisms (microbes) to extract metals of economic interest from rock ores or mine waste. Biomining techniques may also be used to clean up sites that have been polluted with metals. Valuable metals are commonly bound up in solid minerals.

Detailed explanation-4: -Biooxidation is a technique in biomining that uses microorganisms for the pretreatment of the ore by degrading the minerals that hinder the leaching of your metal(s) of interest. Bioleaching is a technique in biomining, which uses microorganisms to solubilise your metal(s) of interest [1].

Detailed explanation-5: -Bioleaching. Certain bacteria can break down ores to produce an acidic solution containing copper(II) ions. The solution is called a leachate and the process is called bioleaching . Bioleaching does not need high temperatures, but it produces toxic substances, including sulfuric acid, which damage the environment.