LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -In a typical cloning experiment, a target gene is inserted into a circular piece of DNA called a plasmid. The plasmid is introduced into bacteria via a process called transformation, and bacteria carrying the plasmid are selected using antibiotics.

Detailed explanation-2: -Researchers can insert DNA fragments or genes into a plasmid vector, creating a so-called recombinant plasmid. This plasmid can be introduced into a bacterium by way of the process called transformation.

Detailed explanation-3: -The entire human genome–all the genes in a human–can be cut into small pieces. These pieces can be inserted into plasmids that are then inserted into bacteria. Each bacterial cell contains one piece of human DNA and can be grown into a colony of many bacteria that contain the same piece of DNA.

Detailed explanation-4: -Recombinant DNA is a technology scientists developed that made it possible to insert a human gene into the genetic material of a common bacterium. This “recombinant” micro-organism could now produce the protein encoded by the human gene. Scientists build the human insulin gene in the laboratory.

Detailed explanation-5: -Locating an organism with a specific trait and extracting its DNA. Cloning a gene that controls the trait. Designing a gene to express in a specific way. Transformation, inserting the gene into the cells of a crop plant. Cross the transgene into an elite background.