LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Recombinant DNA is a technology scientists developed that made it possible to insert a human gene into the genetic material of a common bacterium. This “recombinant” micro-organism could now produce the protein encoded by the human gene. Scientists build the human insulin gene in the laboratory.

Detailed explanation-2: -This process is called recombinant technology. The bacterial DNA now contains the human insulin gene and is inserted into a bacteria. When the bacterial cells reproduce, the human insulin gene is also reproduced in the cells and produces protein by transcription and translation process.

Detailed explanation-3: -The first genetically engineered, synthetic “human” insulin was produced in 1978 using E. coli bacteria to produce the insulin.

Detailed explanation-4: -A different enzyme is used to join the insulin gene and the bacterial plasmid. The bacterial plasmid containing the insulin gene is placed into a bacterial cell. The bacterial cell is placed in a fermenter to allow reproduction under perfect conditions (warmth, moisture and oxygen).