LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Active transport is a process that is required to move molecules against a concentration gradient. The process requires energy. Energy for the process is acquired from the breakdown of glucose using oxygen in aerobic respiration. ATP is produced during respiration and releases the energy for active transport.

Detailed explanation-2: -Active transport is used by cells to accumulate needed molecules such as glucose and amino acids. Active transport powered by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is known as primary active transport. Transport that uses an electrochemical gradient is called secondary transport.

Detailed explanation-3: -Active transport using ATP via sodium-potassium pump to move 3 Na+ ions out while moving 2 K+ ions into the cell. Active transport using Redox energy (of NADH) to generate a proton gradient in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Detailed explanation-4: -This energy is used: to drive the chemical reactions needed to keep organisms alive – the reactions to build complex carbohydrates, proteins and lipids from the products of photosynthesis in plants, and the products of digestion in animals, require energy.