LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Mitochondria and chloroplasts are called semi-autonomous organelles because they have their own DNA, mRNA, tRNA, ribosomes and they replicate by binary fission so they are said to be self governing. Semi-autonomous means they are in a symbiotic relationship with the cell and have evolved to become part of it.

Detailed explanation-2: -The mitochondrial DNA and plastid DNA possess genes which produce the proteins necessary for the functioning of mitochondria and plastids respectively due to the presence of ribosomes. They can self-replicate and form more copies of them. Therefore, they are called as semi-autonomous organelles.

Detailed explanation-3: -Chloroplast and mitochondria are called semi-autonomous organelles because they have their own genetic material (DNA) and are capable of synthesizing proteins required for their functioning.

Detailed explanation-4: -Plastids are double-membrane organelles which are found in the cells of plants and algae. Plastids are responsible for manufacturing and storing of food. These often contain pigments that are used in photosynthesis and different types of pigments that can change the colour of the cell.

Detailed explanation-5: -Plastids are pivotal subcellular organelles that have evolved to perform specialized functions in plant cells, including photosynthesis and the production and storage of metabolites.