LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Glucose can be moved into cells via an active transport mechanism when the concentration of glucose inside the cell is higher than the concentration of glucose outside the cell. This active transport mechanism moves glucose and sodium into the cell at the same time.

Detailed explanation-2: -Active transport is usually associated with accumulating high concentrations of molecules that the cell needs, such as ions, glucose and amino acids. Examples of active transport include the uptake of glucose in the intestines in humans and the uptake of mineral ions into root hair cells of plants.

Detailed explanation-3: -Membrane proteins that allow molecules like glucose to cross into the cell are called transporters. These proteins are transmembrane proteins.

Detailed explanation-4: -There are two types of glucose transporters in the brain: the glucose transporter proteins (GLUTs) that transport glucose through facilitative diffusion (a form of passive transport), and sodium-dependent glucose transporters (SGLTs) that use an energy-coupled mechanism (active transport).

Detailed explanation-5: -Glucose transport across cell membranes can occur by carrier-mediated active transport or by a concentration gradient-dependent facilitated transport that requires a specific carrier.