LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -By depicting these relationships, cladograms reconstruct the evolutionary history (phylogeny) of the taxa. Cladograms can also be called “phylogenies” or “trees”. Cladograms are constructed by grouping organisms together based on their shared derived characteristics.

Detailed explanation-2: -Key aspects of a cladogram are the root, clades, and nodes. The root is initial ancestor that is common to all groups branching off from it. The clades are the branches that indicate related groups and their common ancestors. Nodes are the points that indicate the hypothetical ancestors.

Detailed explanation-3: -A cladogram is an evolutionary tree that diagrams the ancestral relationships among organisms. In the past, cladograms were drawn based on similarities in phenotypes or physical traits among organisms. Today, similarities in DNA sequences among organisms can also be used to draw cladograms.