LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -The first species to colonize an area after a major disturbance are called pioneer species; they help to form the new environment.

Detailed explanation-2: -The first organisms to appear in areas of primary succession are often mosses or lichens. These organisms are known as pioneer species because they are the first species present; pioneer species must be hardy and strong, just like human pioneers.

Detailed explanation-3: -During primary succession, organisms must start from scratch. First, lichens might attach themselves to rocks, and a few small plants able to live without much soil might appear. These are known as “pioneer species.”

Detailed explanation-4: -Pioneer species are hardy species that are the first to colonize barren environments or previously biodiverse steady-state ecosystems that have been disrupted, such as by wildfire.