LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -According to classical ecological theory, succession stops when the sere has arrived at an equilibrium or steady state with the physical and biotic environment. Barring major disturbances, it will persist indefinitely. This end point of succession is called climax.

Detailed explanation-2: -Answer and Explanation: Because the substrate already exists, secondary succession usually happens faster than primary succession. There is no soil in primary succession thus, it must form. This process takes a more extended period because pioneer species must invade the area, die, and soil formed due to this cycle.

Detailed explanation-3: -e) In the final stage, the species of shrubs and a variety of trees becomes dominant and forms the climax community.

Detailed explanation-4: -In some environments, succession reaches a climax, which produces a stable community dominated by a small number of prominent species. This state of equilibrium, called the climax community, is thought to result when the web of biotic interactions becomes so intricate that no other species can be admitted.