LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Pioneer species are hardy species. As the name suggests, they are the first ones who are known to colonise barren surroundings or formerly biodiverse steady-state ecosystems, which are disrupted (for instance by fire).

Detailed explanation-2: -Pioneer species are hardy species which are the first to colonize previously disrupted or damaged ecosystems, beginning a chain of ecological succession that ultimately leads to a more biodiverse steady-state ecosystem.

Detailed explanation-3: -Usually, Lichen is the pioneer species on a bare rock. It carries out the primary succession. Lichens secrete acids over the rock that has the ability to dissolve it gradually, aiding in weathering and soil formation.