LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Similarities and differences among biological molecules (e.g., in the DNA sequence of genes) can be used to determine species’ relatedness.

Detailed explanation-2: -Genetic relatedness can be assessed through DNA base sequence complementary analyses by measuring the degree of re-association (hybridization) between dual DNA molecules. DNA-DNA hybridization can be carried out in two ways: either in a free solution or by immobilization of one of the DNA species on a filter.

Detailed explanation-3: -Phylogenies based on molecular characters assume that the more similar the sequences are in two organisms, the more closely related they are. Different genes change evolutionarily at different rates and this affects the level at which they are useful at identifying relationships.

Detailed explanation-4: -DNA-DNA Hybridisation A description of how DNA hybridisation can be used to determine relatedness between species.

Detailed explanation-5: -In a phylogenetic tree, the relatedness of two species has a very specific meaning. Two species are more related if they have a more recent common ancestor, and less related if they have a less recent common ancestor.