LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Before 1850, most moths in England were light and lived in light-colored trees. When the industrial revolution hit England, black soot was released into the air and stuck to the trees, causing them to darken in coloration. During this time, light moth populations decreased and the number of black moths increased.

Detailed explanation-2: -The population of dark-coloured moth rapidly increased. By the mid-19th century, the number of dark-coloured moths had risen noticeably, and by 1895, the percentage of dark-coloured moths in Manchester was reported at 98%, a dramatic change (of almost 100%) from the original frequency.

Detailed explanation-3: -The light moths blended in with the light-colored trees. However, the Industrial Revolution changed the tree colors. After the pollution from the Industrial Revolution started affecting trees, most of the collected peppered moths were of the dark form.

Detailed explanation-4: -The change that caused directional selection in peppered moths was the industrial revolution. The industrial revolution led to the rise of factories and the use of coal. This led to soot and smog being released into the environment. The soot and smog darkened the trees and the moths that landed on the trees.