LIFE SCIENCE

Detailed explanation-1: -Seedless vascular plants are plants that contain vascular tissue, but do not produce flowers or seeds. In seedless vascular plants, such as ferns and horsetails, the plants reproduce using haploid, unicellular spores instead of seeds.

Detailed explanation-2: -Lycophytes and pterophytes are seedless vascular plants. All vascular plants produce seeds. All nonvascular embryophytes are bryophytes.

Detailed explanation-3: -The majority of vascular plants reproduce by creating seeds rather than spores and are classified as either gymnosperms or angiosperms. Gymnosperms are vascular plants that create cones to house their seeds. Common gymnosperms include large trees, such as cedars, hemlocks, pines, and spruces.

Detailed explanation-4: -Seedless nonvascular plants are small. The dominant stage of the life cycle is the gametophyte. Without a vascular system and roots, they absorb water and nutrients through all of their exposed surfaces. There are three main groups: the liverworts, the hornworts, and the mosses.

Detailed explanation-5: -Phylum Monilophyta: Class Psilotopsida (Ferns) With their large fronds, ferns are the most readily recognizable seedless vascular plants.